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Climate change means a change in climate because of human activities. We are so greedy towards our mother earth that we did not know that our destiny goes to be in destruction in case of laxness towards the environment. Climate change is the changes in climate patterns because of internal and external forces. External forces like a tsunami, floods, earthquakes, and changes in solar radiations and internal forces are aberrations in oceans, atmospheric aberrations, and the subsistence of humans on the earth. Climate change has a negative impact on forests, the hydrological system, the extinction and extinction of species, and the polar region of the planet.
HISTORY BEFORE CLIMATE CHANGE:
During Precambrian Era, several large climate inconstancies have occurred and Earth’s surface temperature was between 100 to 00C. During Paleozoic Era, Climate was also an extreme zonal. The climate became warmer but the continental shelf marine aura became fixedly colder. During the Mesozoic Era (Age of Dinosaurs) climate of the globe had changed a lot. In this era climate has much warmer and abundant CO2 is there. During Cenozoic Era, Climate was much warmer than in the modern world. ‘Cenozoic’ derive from a Latin word that means recent life. The cenozoic era was divided into 3 periods, namely the Paleogene period:
The period during which mammals transform from small groups into large groups of different animals. The climate of this period was tropical.
Neogene period:
Period was a time of vast diversity for the globe. The climate became drastically cooling and dry. Grasslands supersede forests. The animals had to adapt and face extinction.
Quaternary Period: The climate showed diverse declines in earth temperature glacial periods separated by warm interglacial periods. This period has Holocene Epoch that means the human existence period.
WHEN DID CLIMATE CHANGE EXIST:
As we had seen above climate changes a long time ago. During the last century, we observe that the earth’s temperature rises due to a process called the greenhouse effect.
The warmth on the surface of the planet causes multiple problems i.e. ozone reduction sway our agriculture.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:
Climate change has an essential impact on living beings. Climate change has been caused due to activities of human beings. Due to this, there is hiking of temperature, glaciers are shrunk and unexpected weather comes, deforestation and natural disaster on earth. But due to the average global temperature was the 4th highest since the global record began in 1880. Climate change has had effects on flora and fauna. The number of tigers and snow leopards are declining in 2021.
INITIATIVE OF GOVERNMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE:
UN has 3S in climate extract this is Science, Solutions, and Solidarity for a higher future. UN Secretary-General ANTONIO GUTERRES has amiably said that “We won’t reach our destination in one day or one conference. But I know we can get there.” There are various initiatives in order to take action on climate change at the world level:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):
This Convention is to combat dangerous human intervention in the climate system and stable the greenhouse gas concentration on the atmosphere. This Convention was signed by 154 states inclusive of India in 1992 and ratified in 1993.
It was a treaty created by the UN in 1997 to cope up with the issue of carbon emissions. This protocol engaged on the advanced nation because of the central cause of carbon emissions and exclude developing nations from the protocol needs.192 Parties had signed this protocol and India had ratified this protocol on 26 August 2002. This protocol had applied on 6 greenhouse gases that is carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride. It was replaced by Paris Climate Accord in 2015.
International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP): This forum was established by 15 govt representatives as International Cooperation Forum bringing together states to implement an emission trading system. India is not a member of this forum and This forum was founded in 2007.
Muslim Seven Year Action Plan on Climate Change:
It is a climate action run by the Islamic community globally from 2010 to 2017. This Plan develops by the Major Religious Alliance and Conservation and UNDP.
Paris Agreement or Paris Accord 2015:
Paris Agreement was adopted in Paris at UNFCCC Conference and 196 countries are the participants of this agreement in Dec 2015 and enforced in Nov 2016. This agreement was intended to abate and lessen greenhouse gas emissions. Its goal to curb global warming well below 2oC preferably to 1.5oC correlates to the pre-industrial level; firmness of the capacity to comply with climate change and build flexibility.
WHAT IS COP?
COP abbreviated as ‘Conference of the Parties’ Parties are the signatory of UNFCCC. This conference was assembled by parties together annually in order to debate climate change. The First Meeting of COP1 was held in Berlin in 1995, COP2 was held in Geneva Cancun, Mexico996, COP3 was held in Kyoto (Japan) in 1997, COP4 was held in Buenos Aires in1998, COP5 was held in Bonn in 1995, COP6 was held in The Hague in 2000 and also in Bonn in 2001, COP7 was held in Marrakesh in 2001, COP8 was held in Delhi in 2002, COP9 was held in Milan in 2003, COP10 was held in Buenos Aires in 2004, COP11 was held in Montreal in 2005, COP12 was held in Nairobi 2006, COP13 was held in Bali in 2007, COP14 was held in Poznan in 2008, COP15 was held in Copenhagen 2009, COP16 was held in Cancun, Mexico in 2010, COP17 was held in Durban, South Africa in 2011, COP18 was held in Doha, Qatar in 2012, COP19 was held in Warsaw, Poland in 2013, COP20 was held in Lima, Peru in 2014, COP21 was held in Paris in 2015. COP22 was held in Marrakesh, in 2016, COP23 was held in Bonn, in 2017, COP24 was held in Katowice Poland, in 2018, COP25 was held in Madrid, Spain in 2019 and last but least COP26 was held in Glasgow, UK in partnership with Italy in 2021.
WHAT IS COP26 OR UN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE, UK OR GLASGOW CLI MATE SUMMIT,2021?
COP26 is the annual meeting of the 197 nations of the convention in order to take planned action against climate change. COP26 was held in Glasgow, UK from 31 Oct to 12 Nov 2021. The President of this Conference is Alok Sharma. At this meeting, An Agents of Nations had debated on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, constant effects of environment caused by climate change and approval of pecuniary to the growing nations in their whack to defer the fossil fuels and become flexible to the effects of climate change. Participants are just focused on climate change through the robust regulations for the execution of this covenant. Inclusive of rules to check the measures and report of carbon emissions has been
made by every nation and how to control climate change initiative. On Social media, there is a well-known hashtag that is #OurWorldOurImpact.
NET ZERO FOR CARBON EMISSION:
India target of net zero carbon emission is of 2065-2070 which extends the target of the Glasgow summit that is 2050. India is the 3rd largest carbon emitter latter to China. India is the most affected nation as per the 6th Assessment Report of IPCC. Maximum target year of carbon emission of India because of the rapid increase in populace and whole economy dependent upon coal and oil. There are 666 million tons of carbon emitted by India as per the global carbon project 2021. India will lessen the magnitude of the emissions in the economy by 45% in 2030 as compared to 33-35% in 2005. India can’t live without coal because 70% of the production of power came from coal-fired power plants and many folks who are indigent are work in coal factories because of sustainability. Deep coal dependence is mainly Jharkhand.
India had ensured that 50% of Electricity will be taken from renewable energy. By 2022, Our Nation will omit the aim of 175 gigawatts of renewable production. India had gone on the wagon for executing the negotiation at COP26 to shorten the methane gas. Strategy of our nation is to do afforestation at large by 2030 because due to this process there is an imbibing of 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
CONCLUSION
Climate change can be a trendy concept. greenhouse emission is an antagonist of the climate. Carbon is discharged from oil, coal, and alternative fossil fuels that are lighted so as to induce energy. This energy was victimization in our daily chores. If we tend to use less energy then we are able to curb global climate change though it saves cash also. just in case of
a nature-based resolution to curb climate change is to plant the utmost trees as attainable to emit carbons from the atmosphere. Boost the sensible clean energy policy is that another solution to climate change.
