Skip to content

Heading

The Teen Vaping Epidemic A Crisis We Cannot Ignore

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

Ayurveda is among the oldest systems of medicine in the world and has established its presence as part of the modern health care (HC) system, especially within the context of HC governance. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the formalisation (i.e., institutionalisation) of Ayurvedic practice in India through regulation, educational reform, and incorporation into public health programs, which has raised several important issues relating to patient safety, professional accountability, and quality of HC. While public trust in Ayurveda is high, as is political support for it, there are continuing concerns about issues such as: informed consent; false or misleading evidence for therapeutic benefit; standardisation of treatment protocols; and liability for malpractice. This article reviews the existing legal and regulatory framework applicable to Ayurveda in India, with a focus on comparing it to a sample of other approaches to regulating traditional or complementary medicine internationally. This research uses a doctrinal and comparative policy analysis to assess the effectiveness of current laws, professional regulatory systems, and ethical guidelines for protecting patients. The article also examines how the National Commission for the Indian System of Medicine, consumer protection laws, and the development of health care law have influenced accountability in the practice of Ayurvedic medicine. The study concludes that Ayurveda’s future legitimacy will depend on its continued reliance on its traditional foundation and its ability to meet the current expectations for transparency and evidence-based practice, informed consent, and patient-centred care. The article ends with a proposal for reforms to strengthen the regulatory framework while maintaining the cultural and therapeutic values associated with traditional healthcare systems.

KEYWORDS:

Ayurveda, Healthcare Regulation, Patient Protection, Medical Ethics, Legal Governance,
Traditional Medicine, AYUSH, Professional Liability

INTRODUCTION

The use of traditional forms of medicine is an important aspect of health care systems around the
world and the World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises that traditional and complementary
forms of medicine are key components of health care systems in many countries, especially
developing areas in which availability and cultural acceptability have a considerable bearing on
health care choices. Ayurveda, one of the many forms of traditional healthcare, is considered to be
one of the most comprehensive and longstanding forms of medical treatment.

India has made extensive efforts to develop and regulate Ayurvedic practice through legal and
regulatory organisations, quality of education requirements, licensing criteria and integration with
the public health care system. Although there continues to be widespread interest and use of
Ayurvedic medicine, the rapid growth of the Ayurvedic market and services has shown deficiencies
in the regulatory oversight of medical and therapeutic products, ethical compliance and safety and
protection of patients. There are increasing and significant demands for legal scrutiny regarding
issues related to the professional negligence of practitioners, informed consent policies, advertising
standards and testing for scientific validation of practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine.1

This article examines whether the existing legal framework adequately protects patients while
facilitating the growth of Ayurveda as a recognised healthcare system.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To examine the legal framework governing Ayurveda in India.
To evaluate ethical accountability mechanisms applicable to Ayurvedic practitioners.
To compare Indian regulatory approaches with selected international models.
To assess challenges relating to patient protection and professional liability.
To propose policy reforms for strengthening regulatory governance.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The most recent literature has shown that there is a move from a system of regulating Ayurveda
strictly through education and professional registration. This new governance system consists of
four elements: patient safety, ethical accountability, quality assurance, and evidence-based
healthcare delivery. Most of the previous regulatory systems focused on the credentialing of
practitioners and standardising educational curricula; however, the current healthcare governance
model requires the use of legal mechanisms to ensure transparency, clinical competence,
accountability, and protection of patients’ rights. In addition, this movement reflects the increasing
integration of Ayurveda into national health systems and the increasing expectation that all forms
of traditional health care will conform with internationally recognised principles of professional
regulation and clinical governance.2

The WHO Benchmarks for the Practice of Ayurveda (2022) mark an important point in the
development of Ayurveda. They establish internationally acknowledged minimal competency
requirements for Ayurvedic practitioners, healthcare facilities and infrastructure; Medicaid records
or similar clinical documentation; informed consent from patients; patient confidentiality; a written
referral process; and regulatory oversight of this practice. The Benchmarks provide guidelines for
the integration of traditional medical practices with modern legal and ethical standards, while also
protecting and preserving Ayurvedic principles. The NCISM Act of 2020 has also strengthened
regulatory governance of all systems of medicine in India, including Ayurveda, through the
promotion of competency-based education, institutional accreditation, standardised professional
practices, and more accountable delivery of Ayurvedic healthcare.

The most current evidence supports the need for accountability through professional ethics in the
regulation of Ayurveda. The latest research demonstrates that professional ethics should include
both traditional values as well as aspects of contemporary professional ethics such as: informed
consent, patient autonomy, confidentiality, appropriate documentation, responsible prescribing,
and compliance with defined standards of care. Additionally, pharmacovigilance, quality control
of Ayurvedic products, adverse event reporting, and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
are now viewed as important tools to enhance patient safety and build confidence in Ayurveda. As
stated in recent policy analyses, key components to improving the governance of Ayurveda include: implementing mandatory accreditation, using electronic patient records, having
standardised clinical practice guidelines, developing a mechanism for ongoing professional
education, having strong systems for monitoring the safety of medications, being non-partisan
when handling disciplinary procedures, and having credible legal systems to provide oversight.3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study adopts a doctrinal and comparative legal research methodology. Primary sources
include statutory enactments, governmental regulations, judicial decisions, and policy documents.
Secondary sources include scholarly articles, books, reports of international organisations, and
academic commentaries. Comparative analysis is undertaken with regulatory frameworks
governing traditional and complementary medicine in selected jurisdictions including China, the
United Kingdom, and Australia.

LEGAL GOVERNANCE OF AYURVEDA IN INDIA 4 5 6

Evolution of Regulations in Ayurveda Through History

The regulation of Ayurveda as a formal body has undergone many changes from when Ayurveda
was first recognised by colonists/colonial governments as an indigenous form of medicine to a
contemporary statutory regulatory framework. The government has developed several
initiatives since 1947 encouraging the development of a code of ethics to protect traditional
knowledge-based systems while still providing for the regulation, standardisation, and
professionalisation of Ayurvedic and other traditional healing systems.

National Commission For Indian Medicine Act (NCISM) 2020

There has been substantial reform to Ayurvedic governance with the National Commission for
Indian Medicine Act 2020. The statute streamlined previously existing regulations; this
act created standards for education, licensure as a practitioner, and oversight of the delivery of
Ayurvedic services.
The NCISM Act aims to increase transparency, accountability, and quality assurance regarding
services delivered under the Indian system of medicine; however, challenges remain related to the
implementation and enforcement of this legislation.

The Ministry of AYUSH As The Primary Governmental Authority

The Ministry of AYUSH serves as the primary government entity charged with the formation of
policies and regulations, promoting research, and coordinating with institutions that work with
Ayurveda and other forms of traditional medicine.

ETHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN AYURVEDA 7

Ethics and Responsibilities of Practitioners

Practitioners must maintain the following top priorities: the welfare of the patient, confidentiality,
competence and professional integrity. As the practice of Ayurveda continues to evolve, so too do
all the ethical standards that have been established for modern healthcare observers.

Informed Consent and Autonomy of Patients

Obtaining informed consent is becoming an essential principle within the field of health care law.
Patients are to be informed about their condition, available options, the benefits, disadvantages,
and risks of the identified options.
Patients do not fully understand the requirements of informed consent and conditions associated
with using Ayurvedic remedies. Since most patients view Ayurvedic remedies as “natural” and
thus, “safe”, a lack of disclosure about possible adverse consequences or side effects of
Ayurvedic methods is more common than with conventional methods

Fraudulent Advertising & Misleading Therapies

As the market for Ayurvedic therapy grows, so does the concern over the existence of exaggerated
therapeutic claims made by practitioners. Ethical regulatory oversight and guidance require the
use of legitimate data to support marketing initiatives and to genuinely promote Ayurvedic
therapies without misleading prospective customers.

PATIENT PROTECTION AND LEGAL LIABILITY 8

CONSUMER PROTECTION – LAWS THAT PROTECT CONSUMERS OF
HEALTHCARE

The Consumer Protection Act 2019 provides a mechanism for addressing the grievances of
consumers concerning healthcare services; therefore, Ayurveda practitioners can be liable for
claims made by patients as a result of failures or deficiencies in the health services provided.

PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE BY AYURVEDA PRACTITIONERS

The issue of determining whether professional negligence has occurred in traditional medicine is
complicated legally. In making this determination, courts must apply both traditional healing
practices and contemporary standards of reasonable professional conduct of the practitioner.

Professional liability may arise from:

  • Failure to diagnose correctly;
  • Providing the wrong treatment;
  • Failure to obtain consent from patients prior to treatment;
  • Failing to maintain legible and accurate records; and
  • Making representations to patients regarding their chances of success or perceived benefit from
  • a treatment.


CURRENT TRENDS IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Comparative perspectives 9 10

China

China has created an integrated regulatory system in that it combines traditional Chinese medicine
with mainstream health care. The various types of regulatory oversight include practitioner
licensing, research standards and methods of quality control.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom takes a relatively cautious stance on the regulation of traditional and
complementary therapies. Its regulatory structure is built on the premise of providing consumer
protection, professional registration, and truthful advertising.

Australia

Australia provides national regulation for complementary medicine through health care and
consumer protection laws. There is a strong emphasis placed on supporting evidence for making
claims about treatments and consumer safety.

The comparative analysis shows that the effective regulation of traditional and complementary
therapies requires:

  • Specific licensing standards;
  • Strong protections for patients’ rights;
  • Transparent regulatory mechanisms for disciplining practitioners;
  • Scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic claims made by practitioners; and
  • Strong mechanisms for consumers to pursue their complaints against practitioners.

ISSUES THAT POLICY MAKERS WILL ENCOUNTER IN THE 21ST
CENTURY

Almost all regulations regarding the use of Ayurvedic medicine will need to be improved upon in
order to address the following issues:

  • The absence of standard operating procedure (SOP) for performing treatments
  • The low rate of integration of informed consent throughout the continuum of care
  • A lack of public knowledge regarding their rights as patients
  • A significant lack of monitoring of advertisements and commercial claims for Ayurvedic products
  • Variability in the quality and competency level of the education received by Ayurvedic
  • practitioners.

By addressing these issues, we will build public trust in Ayurvedic medicine, as well as improve
health outcomes.

POLICY RECOMMENDATION

  1. Creation of an Adult Informed Consent Policy Method Specific to Ayurveda
  2. Use of Independent Grievance Resolution Processes for Patients Receiving Allopathic Medicine
  3. Strengthening Regulation and Oversight over all Advertising of Health Care Products and on the Internet and Providing Alternatives for Electronic Marketing
  4. Promotion of Evidence-Based Clinical Research into All Types of Health Care While Respecting Traditional Knowledge Systems
  5. Increase the Availability of Ethics Training in Ayurveda Education and Workforce
  6. Creation of National Standards for the Maintenance of Patient Records and Clinical Documentation
  7. Greater Coordination between AYUSH Regulators and Agencies Responsible for Consumer Protection.

CONCLUSION

The importance of Ayurveda in India’s health care system and cultural identity will remain as long
as there are strong legal and ethical protections. For traditional medical systems to continue
to be recognised as both legitimate and sustainable in the 21st century, and to serve as responsible
health care providers, they must operate within a framework that values patient autonomy,
accountability, transparency, and safety.


India has made gains in its ability to regulate Ayurveda through formalised legislative changes and
the establishment of institutional regulations. However, serious issues remain regarding issues
such as professional liability, informed consent, advertisements, and safeguarding patients.
Overall, these issues could benefit from more relevant legislation and policy. The experience of
other places shows that successfully regulating traditional medicine is not necessarily
detrimental to the body of evidence that supports it. Instead, good governance of traditional healing methods and their practitioners could contribute to enhancing public trust and improving
Ayurveda’s role in today’s health care system.

 

 

 

Career Option After LLB in India
27Jun

Career Option After LLB in India

Career Option After LLB in India: Jobs, Salary & Government Exams (2026 Guide) Blog Author (s) Adv. Jha Pranav Kumar…

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts
24Jun

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts: Emerging Legal Hurdles and Prospects in Decentralized Financial Ecosystems VOLUME 3 ISSUE 2 Author…

Legal Notice Format India 2026
16Jun

Legal Notice Format India 2026

Legal Notice Format India 2026: Free Templates for Consumer, Cheque Bounce & Property Disputes Blog Author (s) LRA Table of…

Related Articles – Volume 3, Issue 2

Questions of medical negligence have acquired increasing importance in India as healthcare has moved into a more rights-conscious and legally supervised environment.… Continue reading

Waste generation has emerged as one of the most serious environmental challenges facing India today. Population growth, rapid urbanization, and increasing consumption patterns have… Continue reading

Environmental protection has become a global priority as industrialization and urban development continue to expand rapidly. Industries contribute significantly to economic growth… Continue reading

The Teen Vaping Epidemic: A Crisis We Cannot Ignore

The Teen Vaping Epidemic A Crisis We Cannot Ignore
Source: The New York Times

Table of Contents

In recent years, vaping has emerged as a popular trend, especially among adults looking for a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes.

However, the rise of vaping among children in the UK is nothing short of a public health disaster, with one in ten teenagers now hooked on e-cigarettes. This is deeply concerning, as the number of children vaping has tripled in just three years, far outpacing the proportion of young people smoking traditional cigarettes.

As a society, we must recognize that we are sleepwalking into a crisis that could have long-lasting consequences. The rise of teen vaping is deeply disturbing, and we cannot afford to ignore the risks associated with e-cigarettes any longer. As doctors and experts have warned, we may be facing a wave of illness in the next decade as more and more young people get hooked on these devices.

It is heartbreaking to think that so many children have been lured into vaping, only to suffer from serious health consequences. Some teenagers have reported needing inhalers after just one year of vaping, while others suffer from coughing fits on a regular basis. The fact that fire engine callouts are more common in schools due to pupils vaping in bathrooms is a clear indication that this problem is spiralling out of control.

It is crucial that we understand the factors that have contributed to the rise of vaping among children in the UK so that we can take effective action to protect our young people. While vaping is still a relatively new trend, there is already growing evidence to suggest that it may be causing harm to young people’s health. As responsible adults, we must do everything in our power to safeguard the well-being of our children and prevent a public health disaster from unfolding.

The Rise of Vaping

Vaping, the use of electronic cigarettes, has exploded in popularity in recent years, with millions of adults in the UK using e-cigarettes. Initially marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes were seen as a tool to help smokers quit. However, the rise of vaping among children in the UK has sparked concern, as young people are now being lured into a habit that may be harming their health.

The latest figures from the UK government reveal that a quarter of 11- to 15-year-olds have tried vaping, and 8% use e-cigarettes regularly. This worrying trend is not unique to the UK, as e-cigarette use among young people has been on the rise worldwide. The rise of vaping among teenagers in the UK has been described as an “epidemic” by health experts, with one in ten teenagers now using e-cigarettes, according to a survey by NHS Digital.

One alarming aspect of the survey is the increase in teenage girls using e-cigarettes. Girls are more likely than boys to become addicted to nicotine, and there is evidence to suggest that e-cigarettes may be more addictive than traditional cigarettes.

This deeply concerning trend has prompted calls for e-cigarettes to be sold in plain packaging and restricted to specialist vape shops to prevent young people from being exposed to them in mainstream retailers. Increasing the price of e-cigarettes has also been suggested as a deterrent for young people.

Social media has contributed to the rise of teenage vaping, with videos of vape smoke tricks going viral and colourful packaging and fruity flavours appealing to young people. Experts warn that we are sleepwalking into a public health disaster, as the long-term health effects of vaping are still unknown, particularly among young people. E-cigarettes still contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and can negatively affect brain development.

As a society, we must take action to protect our young people from the potential risks of vaping. By raising awareness of the dangers of e-cigarettes and implementing measures to restrict their availability to minors, we can prevent the rise of a generation of young people addicted to nicotine. It is time to take a smarter and more emotional approach to the issue of teenage vaping and ensure that our children’s health and well-being are protected.

Factors Contributing to the Trend

The rise of vaping among children in the UK can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors. One key factor is the perception that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes. Young people may view vaping as a risk-free activity and may not fully understand the potential health risks associated with e-cigarettes.

Another factor is the marketing tactics employed by e-cigarette companies. Many companies have targeted young people with their bright colours, fruity flavours, and sleek designs, and have advertised their products on social media platforms and other channels popular with young people. This has raised concerns that e-cigarette companies are intentionally targeting underage users.

The availability of e-cigarette products also plays a role in their popularity among young people. E-cigarettes are widely available in shops, online, and even in some school settings, making them easy to access for young people.

In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic has been linked to an increase in e-cigarette use among young people. With more young people spending time at home and online, they may be more likely to experiment with e-cigarettes as a form of entertainment or stress relief.

Overall, it is important to understand the various factors that contribute to the rise of e-cigarette use among young people and to take steps to address them. This may include regulating e-cigarette marketing, increasing the price of e-cigarettes, and restricting their sale to specialist vape shops. By doing so, we can help protect the health and well-being of young people and prevent the potential negative consequences of e-cigarette use.

Risks and Concerns

The rise of teenage vaping in the UK is a concerning trend that cannot be ignored. E-cigarettes are often marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, but the reality is that they are not without risks, especially for young people. The long-term health effects of vaping are not fully understood, but doctors are already seeing troubling symptoms among teenage users.

The addictive nature of nicotine is a particular concern for young people whose brains are still developing. Regular use of e-cigarettes can lead to addiction and impairments in attention, learning, and impulse control. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that e-cigarette use increases the risk of ever using combustible tobacco cigarettes among youth and young adults.

Beyond the potential health risks, the use of e-cigarettes can also have social and behavioural consequences. Teenagers who vape may be more likely to engage in other risky behaviours, such as drinking alcohol and using drugs, and can experience conflicts with parents and authority figures, as well as social stigma.

The marketing tactics used by e-cigarette companies are another factor contributing to the rise of teenage vaping. Many shops sell e-liquids with flavours designed to appeal to young people, such as “smokeable Fanta,” which has led to a situation where e-cigarettes have become so prevalent in schools that fire engine callouts are becoming more common.

It’s crucial that we take action to address the issue of teenage vaping in the UK. Doctors are worried that the country could be sleepwalking into a public health disaster, and we must take this warning seriously.

We need to educate young people about the potential risks associated with e-cigarettes, and we must ensure that the marketing of these products is not targeting underage users. Above all, we must prioritize the health and well-being of our youth and take swift action to protect them from the dangers of e-cigarettes.

Policy and regulation

E-cigarettes have been a controversial topic in the UK, with ongoing debates about their safety and regulation. The Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), implemented by the European Union in 2016, is one of the most significant pieces of legislation governing the sale and marketing of e-cigarettes. The TPD requires manufacturers to test e-cigarette products for safety, quality, and efficacy and limits the use of misleading health claims in advertising.

In addition to the TPD, the UK government has implemented several measures to regulate e-cigarettes and prevent their use by minors. The sale of e-cigarettes and e-liquids to anyone under the age of 18 is prohibited, and retailers must verify the age of customers before selling these products. E-cigarette advertising is also restricted, and the use of e-cigarettes is banned in most enclosed public places and workplaces, as well as on public transport.

To further address concerns about the potential risks of e-cigarettes, the UK government has published the Tobacco Control Plan for England. This plan aims to reduce smoking and vaping rates in the UK and includes measures to regulate e-cigarettes, such as a review of the TPD and new regulations to restrict the sale and promotion of flavoured e-cigarettes. The plan also includes a commitment to investing in research on the health effects of e-cigarettes, particularly on young people, to better understand the risks and benefits of these products.

Overall, the regulation and policy around e-cigarettes in the UK are continuously evolving as more research is conducted on their potential risks and benefits. While e-cigarettes are marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes, there are still concerns about their impact on public health, particularly on young people. It is crucial for policymakers to strike a balance between regulating e-cigarettes and promoting their potential as a tool for smoking cessation, while also ensuring the protection of minors and public health.

Conclusion

The growing trend of e-cigarette use among children in the UK is alarming and deeply concerning. As parents, caregivers, and educators, it is our responsibility to protect our young ones and provide them with the best possible chance for a healthy future. Unfortunately, e-cigarettes can have negative health effects and may lead to a lifetime addiction to nicotine and other harmful chemicals.

The fact that e-cigarettes come in a variety of flavours, often marketed with bright colours and flashy packaging, makes them all the more appealing to children. This is a stark reminder that we need to be vigilant in educating our children about the dangers of vaping and work together to prevent young people from starting this habit in the first place.

While there are regulations in place to restrict the sale and promotion of e-cigarettes to young people, we must do more to ensure that our children are not exposed to the risks associated with vaping. The UK government is taking steps to further regulate e-cigarettes, and investing in research to better understand their potential risks and benefits. However, it is our collective responsibility to take action, talk openly with our children, and do everything we can to keep them safe and healthy.

Let us come together and prioritize the well-being of our children above all else. By doing so, we can help create a future where our children are free from the harmful effects of e-cigarettes, and are able to live happy and healthy lives.

Career Option After LLB in India
27Jun

Career Option After LLB in India

Career Option After LLB in India: Jobs, Salary & Government Exams (2026 Guide) Blog Author (s) Adv. Jha Pranav Kumar…

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts
24Jun

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts

Self-Executing Dispute Resolution via Smart Contracts: Emerging Legal Hurdles and Prospects in Decentralized Financial Ecosystems VOLUME 3 ISSUE 2 Author…

Legal Notice Format India 2026
16Jun

Legal Notice Format India 2026

Legal Notice Format India 2026: Free Templates for Consumer, Cheque Bounce & Property Disputes Blog Author (s) LRA Table of…